I just took a trip to the obt archive site : how does tonnage relate to what class ship is being viewed .
Short answer- it doesn't.
Longer answer- One of the original Warship designs (i.e. from TR2750 the first book with warship stats) is the Vincent Corvette at 410,000 tons. One thing you will note about the Vincent is it's huge cargo capacity. Many years ago when Liam first started his navy project, which Takiro and I then began adding to, he made the decision that Taurian vessels were smaller then their Star League counterparts. So a Taurian Corvette was typically between 100,000 to 200,000 tons. Consequently the other classes tended to be lighter- a Taurian destroyer might be only 400,000 tons or so. And so on for larger classes. This was not a random decision but an intentional choice.
Further adding to the confusion is that over the years (in game) weights have increased much like with real world navies today. For example the Aegis at 750K tons was a heavy cruiser when it was introduced, in 2750 it would be a cruiser or even a light cruiser, as newer Heavy Cruisers (Luxor, Avatar and Sovetskii Soyuz) weight well over 800K tons. (You can even see where the Liberator- a rebuilt Avatar heavy cruiser was designated a cruiser given the existence of the Luxor Heavy Cruiser). This is similar to the modern day where a WW2 Fletcher class DD was about 2500 tons, compared to a modern day Arleigh Burke which is 9000 tons. As for the overlap in weight we even see that today with the Burkes and the Ticonderoga Cruisers which are not much bigger.
The bottom line as Drakensis said is that in many cases we look at the role, not so much the weight when classifying ships.
I use the following definitions when designing ships:
Battleships - heavily armored ships of the line
Battlecruiser- a faster, well armed ship intended to serve independantly, rather then as part of a battle line
Cruiser/Heavy Cruiser- depending on the fleet it is either intended to serve as the backbone of the fleet (such as the Taurian navy which has no BBs in most of my settings) or an escort for the heavier ships. (like my Sword class cruiser for the Capellan Navy).
Light Cruiser- I rarely use this. If I had to define it I would say a light cruiser is intended to serve as a heavy scout for the fleet.
AA Cruiser- A cruiser outfitted with heavy anti-fighter weapons
Frigate- To me a frigate is a patrol vessel, typically it would be deployed independently. It would have a decent cargo capacity and enough weapons to destroy lighter enemies and fast enough to out run heavier ones and get help.
Destroyer- Destroyers are jack of all trades which escort larger vessels and serve in a variety of attack and picket ship roles. They would also be used as a convoy escorts.
Corvettes- to me a corvette is a faster ship use for scouting, raiding, patrol and picket duty (yes it overlaps with the frigate)
Transport- these are ships which are mainly used to carry large numbers of troops and equipment.
One last thought, when you look at most of the canon SLDF vessels, keep in mind that while they may be called Destroyers, Cruisers or Battleships, the vast majority are really transports and were deployed in that role.
Hope that helps some.