A bit of googling and as I suspect, I'd have to use WPF to do the map.
I've done an inner sphere map with WPF, and WPF simply can't handle tens of thousands of objects. For something like angry birds its fine, a map with 10K hexes, thousand of planets, thousands of labels, AND borders... well, real time dynamic vectored graphics simply aren't very feasible. Sure, software like ArcGIS can do it, but that isn't something you sit down and play a game with.
I can do 1 image with the planet circles, 1 with hexes, 1 with names, etc, which could be merged in photoshop or whatever into layers easily enough.
However, creating a PDF instead of a Bitmap, using vector graphics, might be possible. I did something like this for my 4000+ record sheets at
http://goodsects.gotdns.com/bte/pdf/4273.pdfIt would probably take 30 seconds to generate a new map based on data in a text file, but it does save the PDF in a vector format, not raster. I haven't worked with varying levels of data in a PDF though, not sure about getting layers down.
What kind of use are you looking at here? 1 time maps based on data, or something you can change all the time for a game? The latter is what Cartographer was becoming (though I didn't have the ability yet to change system ownership, it was only a few lines of code).